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2.
Rev. cir. traumatol. buco-maxilo-fac ; 23(1): 22-25, jan.-mar. 2023. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1443751

ABSTRACT

Introdução: As Disfunções temporomandibulares (DTM) incluem desordens dos músculos da mastigação, das articulações temporomandibulares e da inervação local, frequentemente associadas a dor orofacial e que resultam em mioartropatias do Sistema Mastigatório. A tendência atual tende a começar com tratamento conservador e progredir a procedimentos mais invasivos na falha dos tratamentos iniciais. Relato de caso: O presente relato visa mostrar o resultado de uma técnica invasiva para o tratamento de uma DTM grave, com a aplicação do ácido hialurônico e de corticoide através de uma punção guiado por ultrassonografia. A paciente apresentava dor crônica e perda importante de peso devido a limitação da abertura da boca. A RM demonstrou disfunção das ATMs, com sinais de deslocamento parcial do disco direito anteromedialmente. Foi realizada a aplicação bilateral intra-articular de ácido hialurônico e de corticoide através de uma punção guiado por ultrassonografia. Considerações Finais: A associação destas classes na punção de ATMs ainda não está bem estabelecida havendo necessidade de estudos complementares para avaliar eficácia, como este relato de caso, que se mostrou favorável com grande melhora clínica da paciente... (AU)


Introduction: Temporomandibular dysfunctions (TMD) include disorders of the masticatory muscles, temporomandibular joints, and local innervation, often associated with orofacial pain and resulting in myoarthropathies of the masticatory system. The current trend tends to begin with conservative treatment and progress to more invasive procedures if the initial treatments fail. Case Report: The present report aims to show the result of an invasive technique for the treatment of a severe TMD, with the application of hyaluronic acid and corticoid through an ultrasound-guided puncture. The patient presented with chronic pain and significant weight loss due to limited mouth opening. MRI demonstrated TMJ dysfunction, with signs of partial anteromedial dislocation of the right disc. Bilateral intra-articular application of hyaluronic acid and corticoid was performed through an ultrasound guided puncture. Final considerations: The association of these classes in TMJ puncture is still not well established, and further studies are needed to evaluate efficacy, as in this case report, which proved favorable, with great clinical improvement for the patient... (AU)


Introducción: Los trastornos temporomandibulares (TTM) incluyen trastornos de los músculos masticatorios, de las articulaciones temporomandibulares y de la inervación local, a menudo asociados a dolor orofacial y que dan lugar a mioartropatías del sistema masticatorio. La tendencia actual es comenzar con un tratamiento conservador y progresar hacia procedimientos más invasivos al fracasar los tratamientos iniciales. Informe de un caso: El presente informe pretende mostrar el resultado de una técnica invasiva para el tratamiento de un TTM severo, con la aplicación de ácido hialurónico y corticoide a través de una punción guiada por ecografía. El paciente presentaba dolor crónico y una importante pérdida de peso debido a la limitación de la apertura bucal. La RMN demostró una disfunción de la ATM, con signos de dislocación parcial del disco derecho anteromedialmente. Se realizó la aplicación intraarticular bilateral de ácido hialurónico y corticoide mediante una punción guiada por ecografía. Consideraciones finales: La asociación de estas clases en la punción de la ATM aún no está bien establecida y se necesitan más estudios para evaluar la eficacia, como en el reporte de este caso, que resultó favorable con gran mejoría clínica del paciente... (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Conservative Treatment , Hyaluronic Acid/pharmacology
3.
Rev. bras. ortop ; 58(2): 331-336, Mar.-Apr. 2023. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1449803

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective The aim of the present study was to evaluate the current practice of using of methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MPSS) in acute spinal cord Injuries (ASCIs) among spine surgeons from Iberolatinoamerican countries. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study design as a survey was conducted. A questionnaire composed of 2 sections, one on demographic data regarding the surgeons and MPSS administration, was sent by email to members of the Sociedad Ibero Latinoamericana de Columna (SILACO, in the Spanish acronym) and associated societies. Results A total of 182 surgeons participated in the study: 65.4% (119) orthopedic surgeons and 24.6% (63) neurosurgeons. Sixty-nine (37.9%) used MPSS in the initial management of ASCIs. There were no significant differences between countries (p = 0.451), specialty (p = 0.352), or surgeon seniority (p = 0.652) for the use of corticosteroids in the initial management of ASCIs. Forty-five (65.2%) respondents reported using an initial high-dose bolus (30 mg/Kg) followed by a perfusion (5.4 mg/ kg/h). Forty-six (66.7%) surgeons who used MPSS only prescribed it if the patients presented within 8 hours of the ASCI. Most of the surgeons (50.7% [35]) administered high-dose corticosteroids because of the conviction that it has clinal benefits and improves neurological recovery. Conclusion Results from the present survey show that MPSS use in ASCI is not widespread within spine surgeons and that the controversy regarding its use remains unresolved. This is probably due to the low level of evidence of the available data, to variations over the years, to inconsistencies in acute care protocols, and to health service pathways.


Resumo Objetivo O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a prática atual de uso do succinato sódico de metilprednisolona (MPSS, na sigla em inglês) nas lesões agudas da medula espinal (LAMEs) entre cirurgiões de coluna de países ibero-americanos. Métodos Um estudo transversal descritivo foi realizado. O questionário continha duas seções, uma sobre os dados demográficos dos cirurgiões e acerca da administração de MPSS, e foi enviado por correio eletrônico aos membros da Sociedad Ibero Latinoamericana de Columna (SILACO, na sigla em espanhol) e sociedades associadas. Resultados No total, 182 cirurgiões participaram do estudo: 65,4% (119) eram cirurgiões ortopédicos e 24,6% (63), neurocirurgiões. Sessenta e nove (37,9%) usaram MPSS no tratamento inicial da LAME. Não houve diferenças significativas entre países (p = 0,451), especialidades (p = 0,352) ou senioridade do cirurgião (p =0,652) em relação ao uso de corticosteroides no tratamento inicial da LAME. Destes, 45 (65,2%) relataram a administração de um bolus de alta dose (30 mg/kg) seguido por perfusão (5,4 mg/kg/h). Quarenta e seis (66,7%) dos cirurgiões que usam MPSS apenas o prescrevem a pacientes tratados nas primeiras 8 horas após a LAME. A maioria dos cirurgiões (50,7% [35]) administrou corticosteroides em alta dose devido à convicção de seus benefícios clínicos e melhora da recuperação neurológica. Conclusão Os resultados do presente questionário mostram que o uso de MPSS na LAME não está disseminado entre os cirurgiões de coluna e que a controvérsia sobre sua administração ainda não foi resolvida. É provável que isto se deva ao baixo nível de evidência dos dados existentes, a variações ao longo dos anos, a inconsistências nos protocolos terapêuticos agudo e a diferentes sistemas de saúde.


Subject(s)
Humans , Spinal Cord Injuries/surgery , Surveys and Questionnaires , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use
4.
Rev. bras. ortop ; 58(2): 337-341, Mar.-Apr. 2023. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1449790

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective The objective of the present study was to evaluate the current practice in terms of timing to surgery in acute spinal cord injury (ASCI) patients among spinal surgeons from Iberolatinoamerican countries. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study design as a questionnaire was sent by an email for all members of the Sociedad Ibero Latinoamericana de Columna (SILACO, in the Spanish acronym) and associated societies. Results A total of 162 surgeons answered questions related to the timing for surgery. Sixty-eight (42.0%) considered that ASCI with complete neurology injury should be treated within 12 hours, 54(33.3%) performed early decompression within 24 hours, and 40 (24,7%) until the first 48 hours. Regarding ASCI with incomplete neurological injury, 115 (71.0%) would operate in the first 12 hours. There was a significant difference in the proportion of surgeons that would operate ASCI within ≤ 24 hours, regarding the type of injury (complete injury:122 versus incomplete injury:155; p<0.01). In the case of patients with central cord syndrome without radiological evidence of instability, 152 surgeons (93.8%) would perform surgical decompression: 1 (0.6%) in the first 12 hours, 63 (38.9%) in 24 hours, 4 (2.5%) in 48 hours, 66 (40.7%) in the initial hospital stay, and 18 (11.1%) after neurologic stabilization. Conclusion All inquired surgeons favour early decompression, with the majority performing surgery in the first 24 hours. Decompression is performed earlier in cases of incomplete than in complete injuries. In cases of central cord syndrome without radiological evidence of instability, there is a tendency towards early surgical decompression, but the timing is still extremely variable. Future studies are needed to identify the ideal timing for decompression of this subset of ASCI patients.


Resumo Objetivo O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a prática atual em termos de momento de realização da cirurgia em pacientes com lesão medularaguda (LMA) entre cirurgiões de coluna de países ibero-americanos. Métodos Estudo transversal descritivo com base em um questionário enviado por correio eletrônico para todos os membros da Sociedad Ibero Latinoamericana de Columna (SILACO, na sigla em espanhol) e sociedades associadas. Resultados Um total de 162 cirurgiões responderam a perguntas relacionadas ao momento da cirurgia. Sessenta e oito (42,0%) consideraram que a LMA com lesão neurológica completa deve ser tratada em até 12 horas, 54 (33,3%) realizariam a descompressão precoce em até 24 horas e 40 (24,7%) fariam este procedimento nas primeiras 48 horas. Em relação à LMA com lesão neurológica incompleta, 115 (71,0%) operariam nas primeiras 12 horas. Houve diferença significativa na proporção de cirurgiões que fariam o tratamento cirúrgico da LMA em ≤ 24 horas quanto ao tipo de lesão (lesão completa [122] versus lesão incompleta [155]; p<0.01). Em pacientes com síndrome medular central sem evidência radiológica de instabilidade, 152 cirurgiões (93,8%) realizariam a descompressão cirúrgica: 1 (0,6%) nas primeiras 12 horas, 63 (38,9%) em 24 horas, 4 (2,5%) em 48 horas, 66 (40,7%) no internamento inicial e 18 (11,1%) após a estabilização neurológica. Conclusão Todos os cirurgiões participantes favoreceram a descompressão precoce; a grande maioria realizaria a cirurgia nas primeiras 24 horas. A descompressão é feita antes em casos de lesões incompletas do que em lesões completas. Nos casos de síndrome medular central sem evidência radiológica de instabilidade, há uma tendência à descompressão cirúrgica precoce, mas o momento de intervenção ainda é extremamente variável. Estudos futuros são necessários para identificar o momento ideal para descompressão neste subconjunto de pacientes com LMA.


Subject(s)
Humans , Spinal Cord Injuries/therapy , Surveys and Questionnaires , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use
5.
Diagn. tratamento ; 28(1): 61-67, jan-mar. 2023. tab 2
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1413215

ABSTRACT

Contextualização: A displasia broncopulmonar é uma das principais causas de enfermidade respiratória crônica na infância, levando a hospitalizações frequentes e prolongadas e com altos índices de mortalidade, alterações do crescimento pôndero-estatural e desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor. Tamanho impacto justifica o grande investimento nas pesquisas para identificar suas causas e buscar alternativas para prevenção e tratamento. Objetivos: Avaliar a efetividade das intervenções para prevenção de displasia broncopulmonar em recém-nascidos prematuros com ventilação mecânica invasiva. Métodos: Trata-se de overview de revisões sistemáticas realizadas pela Colaboração Cochrane. Procedeu-se à busca na Cochrane Library (2022), utilizando os termos "neonatal prematurity" e "bronchopulmonary dysplasia". Foram incluídos todos os ensaios clínicos randomizados. O desfecho primário de análise foi a redução de morbimortalidade. Resultados: A estratégia de busca recuperou um total de 47 revisões sistemáticas. Oito foram incluídas, totalizando 94 ensaios clínicos randomizados e 10.511 participantes. Discussão: Os estudos demonstram efetividade de corticosteroides, mas é necessário cautela na dosagem e no momento correto para sua administração. O uso de surfactante sintético pode trazer benefícios respiratórios, mas requer novos estudos. Não se justifica o uso de pentoxifilina. Conclusão: A displasia broncopulmonar tornou-se um grande desafio para o neonatologista e as revisões sistemáticas Cochrane sugerem que a corticoterapia pode ser efetiva na prevenção dessa condição, embora novos estudos sejam recomendados para estabelecer dosagem ideal e melhor momento para a terapêutica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Respiration, Artificial , Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/prevention & control , Infant, Premature , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Randomized Controlled Trial , Treatment Outcome , Systematic Reviews as Topic
6.
Arch. pediatr. Urug ; 94(1): e207, 2023. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, UY-BNMED, BNUY | ID: biblio-1439319

ABSTRACT

Introducción: en marzo del 2021 se registró el pico de incidencia de COVID-19 en Uruguay y un aumento de la infección en pediatría. Objetivo: describir las características clínicas, el tratamiento y la evolución de una serie de menores de 15 años con SIM-Ped S hospitalizados en dos centros de salud. Metodología: estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, de los niños hospitalizados entre el 1/3 y el 31/6 de 2021 que cumplieron los criterios diagnósticos de SIM-Ped de la OMS. Se analizan variables clínicas, paraclínicas, tratamiento y evolución. Resultados: se incluyeron 12 niños, mediana de edad 7 años (22 meses-10 años). Se presentaron complicación posinfecciosas en 8 y en el curso de la infección en 4. Las manifestaciones fueron: fiebre (media 6 días, rango 3-10), digestivas 10 y mucocutáneas 7. Se presentaron como enfermedad Kawasaki símil 5 y como shock 2. La infección por SARS CoV-2 se confirmó por PCR en 6, serología 4 y test antigénico 2. Recibieron tratamiento en cuidados moderados 8 e intensivos 4: inmunoglobulina 9, corticoides 11, heparina 7 y ácido acetilsalicílico 7. Presentaron dilatación de arterias coronarias 2, alteraciones valvulares 2, disminución de la FEVI 2 y derrame pericárdico 2. Todos evolucionaron favorablemente. Conclusiones: en estos centros, los primeros casos de SIMS-Ped S coincidieron con el pico de incidencia de COVID-19 en el país. Predominaron las formas postinfecciosas en escolares con manifestaciones digestivas. Este estudio puede contribuir al reconocimiento de esta entidad y adecuar los algoritmos nacionales de manejo.


Introduction: in March 2021, there was a peak incidence of COVID-19 and an increase in pediatric infections in Uruguay. Objective: describe the clinical characteristics, treatment and evolution of a group of children under 15 years of age with SIM-Ped S hospitalized in two health centers. Methodology: descriptive, retrospective study of children hospitalized between 3/1 and 6/31 of 2021 who met the WHO diagnostic criteria for SIM-Ped. Clinical and paraclinical variables, as well as treatment and evolution were analyzed. Results: 12 children were included, median age 7 years (22 months-10 years). Eight of them showed post-infectious complications and 4 of them had complications during the course of the infection. The manifestations were: fever (mean 6 days, range 3-10), digestive symptoms 10 and mucocutaneous 7. Five of them presented a Kawasaki-like disease and 2 of them shock. SARS CoV-2 infection was confirmed by PCR in 6 cases, serology in 4 and antigenic test in 2. Eight of them received treatment in moderate care and 4 of them in intensive care: immunoglobulin 9, corticosteroids 11, heparin 7 and acetylsalicylic acid 7. Two of them presented dilated arteries coronary , valvular alterations 2, decreased LVEF 2 and pericardial effusion 2. All progressed favorably. Conclusions: in these centers, the first cases of SIMS-Ped S coincided with the peak incidence of COVID-19 in the country. Post-infectious forms predominated in schoolchildren who showed digestive manifestations. This study may contribute to the recognition of this entity and to the adaptation of national management algorithms.


Introdução: em março de 2021, foi registrado no Uruguai um pico de incidência da COVID-19 e um aumento dos casos da infecção pediátrica. Objetivo: descrever as características clínicas, tratamento e evolução de uma série de crianças menores de 15 anos com SIM-Ped S internadas em dois centros de saúde. Metodologia: estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, de crianças internadas entre 1/3 e 31/6 de 2021 que preencheram os critérios diagnósticos da OMS para o SIM-Ped. Foram analisadas variáveis clínicas e para-clinicas, tratamento e evolução. Resultados: foram incluídas 12 crianças, com idade média de 7 anos (22 meses-10 anos). Oito delas apresentaram complicações pós-infecciosas e 4 delas durante o curso da infecção. As manifestações foram: febre (média de 6 dias, intervalo 3-10), digestivas 10 e mucocutânea 7. Cinco delas apresentaram doença de Kawasaki-like e 2 delas sofreram Shock. A infecção por SARS CoV-2 foi confirmada por PCR em 6, sorologia em 4 e teste antigênico em 2. Oito delas receberam tratamento em cuidados moderados e 4 delas em cuidados intensivos: imunoglobulina 9, corticosteroides 11, heparina 7 e ácido acetilsalicílico 7. Duas delas apresentaram artérias coronárias dilatadas 2, alterações valvares 2, diminuição da FEVE 2 e derrame pericárdico 2. Todas evoluíram favoravelmente. Conclusões: nesses centros, os primeiros casos de SIMS-Ped S coincidiram com um pico de incidência de COVID-19 no país. As formas pós-infecciosas predominaram em escolares com manifestações digestivas. Este estudo pode contribuir para o reconhecimento desta entidade e adaptar algoritmos nacionais de gestão.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/complications , COVID-19/complications , Heparin/therapeutic use , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/drug therapy , Receptors, Glucocorticoid/therapeutic use , Aspirin/therapeutic use , Retrospective Studies , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/diagnosis , Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/drug therapy , Digestive System Diseases/etiology , Digestive System Diseases/drug therapy , Antipyretics/therapeutic use , Fever/etiology , Fever/drug therapy , Symptom Assessment , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome/etiology , Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome/drug therapy
7.
Chinese Medical Journal ; (24): 822-829, 2023.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-980823

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND@#Antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) can significantly improve the outcomes of preterm infants. This study aimed to describe the ACS use rates among preterm infants admitted to Chinese neonatal intensive care units (NICU) and to explore perinatal factors associated with ACS use, using the largest contemporary cohort of very preterm infants in China.@*METHODS@#This cross-sectional study enrolled all infants born at 24 +0 to 31 +6 weeks and admitted to 57 NICUs of the Chinese Neonatal Network from January 1st, 2019 to December 30th, 2019. The ACS administration was defined as at least one dose of dexamethasone and betamethasone given before delivery. Multiple logistic regressions were applied to determine the association between perinatal factors and ACS usage.@*RESULTS@#A total of 7828 infants were enrolled, among which 6103 (78.0%) infants received ACS. ACS use rates increased with increasing gestational age (GA), from 177/259 (68.3%) at 24 to 25 weeks' gestation to 3120/3960 (78.8%) at 30 to 31 weeks' gestation. Among infants exposed to ACS, 2999 of 6103 (49.1%) infants received a single complete course, and 33.4% (2039/6103) infants received a partial course. ACS use rates varied from 30.2% to 100% among different hospitals. Multivariate regression showed that increasing GA, born in hospital (inborn), increasing maternal age, maternal hypertension and premature rupture of membranes were associated with higher likelihood to receive ACS.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The use rate of ACS remained low for infants at 24 to 31 weeks' gestation admitted to Chinese NICUs, with fewer infants receiving a complete course. The use rates varied significantly among different hospitals. Efforts are urgently needed to propose improvement measures and thus improve the usage of ACS.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Pregnancy , Female , Gestational Age , Infant, Premature , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal , Cross-Sectional Studies , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use
8.
Rev. Hosp. Ital. B. Aires (2004) ; 42(4): 209-213, dic. 2022. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, UNISALUD, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1418135

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la radiodermitis es uno de los efectos secundarios más frecuentes de la radioterapia y afecta aproximadamente al 95% de los pacientes que la reciben. La radiodermitis aguda se presenta dentro de los 90 días posteriores al inicio del tratamiento, tiene un profundo impacto en la calidad de vida de los pacientes y puede ser la causa de la interrupción prematura de la radioterapia. Su tratamiento es complejo y el papel de los corticoides sistémicos en él aún no ha sido evaluado. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo de 6 pacientes mayores de 18 años con radiodermitis grave, tratados con corticoides sistémicos al no responder a la terapia tópica inicial. Hubo un seguimiento de 6 meses, entre el 1 de junio de 2019 y el 30 de mayo de 2020, en el Servicio de Dermatología de un hospital de alta complejidad. Resultados: se indicó tratamiento con corticoides sistémicos en dosis de meprednisona 40 mg/día o equivalentes, durante 5 días, con resolución completa del cuadro en un período máximo de 15 días. Discusión: en la bibliografía no hemos encontrado trabajos científicos que comuniquen o evalúen la utilidad de los corticoides sistémicos en la radiodermitis grave. Proponemos, entonces, demostrar su utilidad en esta patología. Conclusión: el objetivo de este trabajo es comunicar nuestra experiencia en pacientes con radiodermitis aguda grave, con gran repercusión en el estado general, que evolucionaron con una rápida resolución del cuadro y un adecuado manejo sintomático, mediante el uso de corticoides sistémicos. (AU)


Introduction: radiodermitis is one of the most frequent side effects of radiotherapy and affects approximately 95% of the patients who receive it. Acute radiodermitis occurs within 90 days after the start of treatment, has a profound impact on the quality of life of patients and may be the cause of premature discontinuation of radiotherapy. Its treatment is complex and the role of systemic corticosteroids in it has not yet been evaluated. Materials and methods: descriptive study of 6 patients older than 18 years with severe radiodermatitis, treated with systemic corticosteroids when they did not respond to initial topical therapy. With a 6-month follow-up, between June 1, 2019 and May 30, 2020 at the Dermatology Service of a high complexity hospital. Results: treatment with systemic corticosteroids was indicated at a dose of meprednisone 40 mg/day or equivalent, for 5 days, with complete resolution of the symptoms in a maximum period of 15 days. Discussion: in the literature, we have not found scientific papers that report or evaluate the usefulness of systemic corticosteroids in severe radiodermatitis. We propose to demonstrate their usefulness in this pathology. Conclusion: the objective of this work is to communicate our experience in patients with severe acute radiodermatitis, with great repercussions on the general state, who evolved with rapid resolution of the symptoms and adequate symptomatic management, with the use of systemic corticosteroids. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Radiation Injuries/drug therapy , Radiodermatitis/drug therapy , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Radiotherapy/adverse effects , Prednisone/administration & dosage , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/pharmacology
9.
Rev. Hosp. Ital. B. Aires (2004) ; 42(4): 231-239, dic. 2022. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, UNISALUD, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1424871

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: Un nuevo brote de coronavirus surgió en 2019 en Wuhan, China, causando conmoción en el sistema sanitario de todo el mundo; el Comité Internacional de Taxonomía de Virus lo denominó SARS-CoV-2, agente causante de la enfermedad COVID-19.El espectro de gravedad de la enfermedad es muy amplio: la mayoría de los pacientes no presentan gravedad, pero otros pueden desarrollar neumonías, y la insuficiencia respiratoria aguda es la causa más frecuente de mortalidad. Objetivo: analizar y desarrollar las distintas alternativas terapéuticas aportadas por la Biotecnología para tratar los síntomas de aquellos pacientes con COVID-19. Metodología: se realizó una revisión de la bibliografía disponible, a partir de enero de 2020 en PubMed, acerca de los tratamientos que se encuentran aún en ensayos clínicos y aquellos que cuentan con aprobación bajo uso de emergencia para la enfermedad COVID-19. También se realizaron búsquedas a través de Google y Google Académico para publicaciones de organismos de Salud en referencia a políticas de salud establecidas para la terapéutica durante dicha pandemia. Resultados: este trabajo aborda las nuevas alternativas terapéuticas para COVID-19 derivadas de la Biotecnología, que se encuentran tanto en uso como en etapas de ensayos clínicos comprendidos dentro del segmento de los biofármacos y las bioterapias. Se incluye un breve resumen del estatus regulatorio de entidades de salud, el mecanismo de acción de dichas terapias y características generales de cada uno. Se incluyen novedosas bioterapias que se empezaron a implementar para afrontar la pandemia. Conclusiones: la pandemia de coronavirus está poniendo a prueba el sistema sanitario internacional, para brindar soluciones tanto desde el diagnóstico y prevención como para el tratamiento de la población a fin de disminuir la mortalidad. Esto incluyó, obviamente también, al área de la Biotecnología aplicada a la salud, que ha aportado en los tres aspectos mencionados; el presente trabajo se centra en las respuestas de tipo terapéutico que ha brindado y que están comercializadas o en fases clínicas. (AU)


INTRODUCTION: A new coronavirus outbreak emerged in 2019 in Wuhan, China, causing a shock to the healthcare system around the world; the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses named it SARS-CoV- 2, the infectious agent of the COVID-19 disease. The spectrum of severity of the disease is very wide, most patients are not serious, but others can develop pneumonia, with acute respiratory failure being the most frequent cause of mortality. Objective: to analyze and develop the different therapeutic alternatives provided by Biotechnology dedicated to Health, to treat the symptoms of those COVID-19 patients who require it, and thus reduce mortality.Methodology: a review of the available literature from January 2020 in PubMed of the treatments that are still in clinical trials and those that have been approved under emergency use for the disease COVID-19 was performed. Searches were also carried out through Google and Google Scholar for publications of Health organizations in reference to health policies established for therapeutics during the mentioned pandemic. Results: this work addresses the new therapeutic alternatives derived from Biotechnology, which are both in use and in stages of clinical trials, to treat patients who developed COVID-19 included within the segment of biopharmaceuticals and biotherapies. A brief summary of the regulatory status of health entities, the mechanism of action of said therapies and general characteristics of each one is included. Innovative biotherapies that began to be implemented to face the pandemic are included. Conclusions: The coronavirus pandemic has driven the international health system to the test, to provide solutions both from the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of the population to reduce the mortality of patients. This obviously also included the area of Biotechnology applied to health, which has contributed in the three aspects mentioned. The present work focuses on the therapeutic responses that it has provided and that are commercialized or in clinical phases. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Biological Products/therapeutic use , Biological Therapy/methods , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , SARS-CoV-2/drug effects , COVID-19/drug therapy , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Antiviral Agents/pharmacology , Biological Therapy/classification , Biological Therapy/standards , Biotechnology , Clinical Trials as Topic , Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/drug effects , Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/drug effects , Immunomodulating Agents/therapeutic use , COVID-19 Serotherapy , Horses , Immune Sera/biosynthesis , Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
10.
Geneve; WHO; Sept. 16, 2022. 141 p. ilus, tab, graf. (WHO/2019-nCoV/therapeutics/2022.5).
Non-conventional in English | BIGG, LILACS | ID: biblio-1393164

ABSTRACT

The WHO Therapeutics and COVID-19: living guideline contains the Organization's most up-to-date recommendations for the use of therapeutics in the treatment of COVID-19. The latest version of this living guideline is available in pdf format (via the 'Download' button) and via an online platform, and is updated regularly as new evidence emerges. This twelfth version of the WHO living guideline now contains 19 recommendations. This latest update provides updated recommendations for remdesivir, addresses the use of combination therapy with corticosteroids, interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor blockers and Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors in patients with severe or critical COVID-19, and modifies previous recommendations for the neutralizing monoclonal antibodies sotrovimab and casirivimab-imdevimab in patients with non-severe COVID-19.


Subject(s)
Humans , COVID-19/drug therapy , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Plasma/immunology , Ivermectin/therapeutic use , Colchicine/therapeutic use , Immunization, Passive , Fluvoxamine/therapeutic use , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Receptors, Interleukin-6/therapeutic use , Lopinavir/therapeutic use , Janus Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Hydroxychloroquine/therapeutic use
11.
Rev. chil. neuro-psiquiatr ; 60(2): 167-175, jun. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388431

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN: La migraña es una cefalea primaria frecuente y debilitante. Los pacientes con crisis de migraña agudas y severas usualmente deben consultar por servicios de guardia, y el tratamiento convencional para el ataque de migraña incluye diversos fármacos como antiinflamatorios no esteroideos, triptanes, ergotamina, antidopaminérgicos, entre otros. Los corticoesteroides han sido ampliamente prescriptos, tanto como monoterapia o como en tratamiento coadyuvante a otros fármacos abortivos, para la crisis de migraña en los servicios de emergencia. Diferentes estudios han sido llevados a cabo con el objetivo de evaluar la efectividad de estos para abortar la crisis aguda de migraña y para evitar su recurrencia. En la presente revisión, realizamos una evaluación crítica sobre la bibliografía publicada en relación a la utilidad de los corticoesteroides en al abordaje de la crisis de migraña. En conclusión, estos podrían ser considerados como una opción razonable como tratamiento coadyuvante en las crisis de migraña resistentes, recurrentes o prolongadas (status migrañoso).


ABSTRACT Migraine is a frequent and debilitating primary headache. People with acute severe migraine attack often present to the emergency department, and standard treatment for the migraine attack generally includes the use of several drugs such as are nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, triptans, ergotamine, antidopaminergic agents, among others. Steroids have been widely prescribed, either as monotherapy or as add-on treatment, to manage migraine attacks in the emergency setting. Several clinical studies have been conducted to assess the efficacy of corticosteroids in aborting acute migraine attacks and avoiding their recurrence. In this review, we make a critical appraisal of the published literature about corticosteroids treatment for the migraine attack. Overall, they could be considered as an adjunctive therapy for resistant, recurrent o prolonged (migraine status) migraine attacks.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Migraine Disorders/drug therapy , Headache/drug therapy
12.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 88(2): 257-262, Mar.-Apr. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1374726

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: The standard management of orbital cellulitis is to administer a combination of intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotics along with treatment of associated sinusitis. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the addition of corticosteroids could lead to earlier resolution of inflammation and improve disease outcome. Methods: We independently searched five databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase, the Web of Science, and the Cochrane database) for studies published as recent as December 2019. Of the included studies, we reviewed orbital cellulitis and disease morbidity through lengths of hospitalization, incidence of surgical drainage, periorbital edema, vision, levels or C-reactive protein, and serum WBC levels in order to focus on comparing steroid with antibiotics treated group and only antibiotics treated group. Results: Lengths of hospitalization after admission as diagnosed as orbital cellulitis (SMD = −4.02 [−7.93; −0.12], p -value = 0.04, I2 = 96.9%) decrease in steroid with antibiotics treated group compared to antibiotics only treated group. Incidence of surgical drainage (OR = 0.78 [0.27; 2.23], p -value = 0.64,I2 = 0.0%) was lower in the steroid with antibiotics treated group compared to the antibiotics only treated group. Conclusion: Use of systemic steroids as an adjunct to systemic antibiotic therapy for orbital cellulitis may decrease orbital inflammation with a low risk of exacerbating infection. Based on our analysis, we concluded that early use of steroids for a short period can help shorten hospitalization days and prevent inflammation progression.


Resumo Introdução: O tratamento padrão da celulite orbitária inicia-se com uma combinação de antibióticos intravenosos de amplo espectro concomitante ao tratamento do seio comprometido. Objetivos: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se a adição de corticosteroides poderia levar a uma resolução mais precoce da inflamação e melhorar o desfecho da doença. Método: Fizemos uma pesquisa independente em cinco bancos de dados (PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase, Web of Science e o banco de dados Cochrane) em busca de estudos publicados até dezembro de 2019. Dos estudos incluídos, revisamos a celulite orbitária e a morbidade da doença através dos períodos de internação, incidência de drenagem cirúrgica, edema periorbital, visão, níveis de proteína C-reativa e níveis séricos de leucócitos com foco na comparação do grupo tratado com esteroides e antibióticos e do grupo tratado apenas com antibióticos. Resultados: Os tempos de internação após a admissão dos diagnosticados com celulite orbitária (SMD = -4,02 [-7,93; -0,12], p-valor = 0,04, I2 = 96,9%) diminuíram no grupo tratado com esteroides e antibióticos em comparação ao grupo tratado apenas com antibióticos. A incidência de drenagem cirúrgica (OR = 0,78 [0,27; 2,23], p-valor = 0,64, I2 =0,0%) foi menor no grupo tratado com esteroides e antibióticos em comparação com o grupo tratado apenas com antibióticos. Conclusão: O uso de esteroides sistêmicos como adjuvante da antibioticoterapia sistêmica para celulite orbitária pode diminuir a inflamação orbitária com baixo risco de agravar a infecção. Com base em nossa análise, concluímos que o uso precoce de esteroides por um curto período pode ajudar a encurtar os dias de internação e prevenir a progressão da inflamação.


Subject(s)
Humans , Orbital Diseases/complications , Orbital Diseases/drug therapy , Orbital Cellulitis/diagnosis , Orbital Cellulitis/etiology , Orbital Cellulitis/drug therapy , Steroids , Cellulitis/complications , Cellulitis/drug therapy , Retrospective Studies , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Inflammation , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
13.
Rev. Méd. Inst. Mex. Seguro Soc ; 60(2): 201-210, abr. 2022. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1367344

ABSTRACT

El manejo del asma grave descontrolada con biológicos es un área de extrema dificultad, dada la escasez de información respecto a los criterios de inicio de los mismos, las variables a evaluar para determinar la eficacia y seguridad de su manejo, los puntos de corte para determinar el momento oportuno para cambiar o agregar otro biológico y el proceso para disminuir o retirar los esteroides. Esta revisión incorpora la información más reciente y realiza una propuesta con base en ella.


The management of severe uncontrolled asthma with biologics is an area of extreme difficulty given the scarcity of information regarding their starting criteria, the variables to be evaluated to determine the efficacy and safety of their management, the cut-off points to determine the timing to change or add another biological and the process to decrease or withdraw steroids. This review incorporates the latest information and makes a proposal based on it


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Asthma/drug therapy , Biological Therapy , Asthma/immunology , Biomarkers/blood , Follow-Up Studies , Treatment Outcome , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
14.
Rev. bras. ter. intensiva ; 34(1): 1-12, jan.-mar. 2022. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BIGG | ID: biblio-1388050

ABSTRACT

Há diversas terapias sendo utilizadas ou propostas para a COVID-19, muitas carecendo de apropriada avaliação de efetividade e segurança. O propósito deste documento é elaborar recomendações para subsidiar decisões sobre o tratamento farmacológico de pacientes hospitalizados com COVID-19 no Brasil. Métodos: Um grupo de 27 membros, formado por especialistas, representantes do Ministério da Saúde e metodologistas, integra essa diretriz. Foi utilizado o método de elaboração de diretrizes rápidas, tomando por base a adoção e/ou a adaptação de recomendações a partir de diretrizes internacionais existentes (GRADE ADOLOPMENT), apoiadas pela plataforma e-COVID-19 RecMap. A qualidade das evidências e a elaboração das recomendações seguiram o método GRADE. Resultados: Foram geradas 16 recomendações. Entre elas, estão recomendações fortes para o uso de corticosteroides em pacientes em uso de oxigênio suplementar, para o uso de anticoagulantes em doses de profilaxia para tromboembolismo e para não uso de antibacterianos nos pacientes sem suspeita de infecção bacteriana. Não foi possível fazer uma recomendação quanto à utilização do tocilizumabe em pacientes hospitalizados com COVID-19 em uso de oxigênio, pelas incertezas na disponibilidade e de acesso ao medicamento. Foi feita recomendação para não usar azitromicina, casirivimabe + imdevimabe, cloroquina, colchicina, hidroxicloroquina, ivermectina, lopinavir/ ritonavir, plasma convalescente e rendesivir. Conclusão: Até o momento, poucas terapias se provaram efetivas no tratamento do paciente hospitalizado com COVID-19, sendo recomendados apenas corticosteroides e profilaxia para tromboembolismo. Diversos medicamentos foram considerados ineficazes, devendo ser descartados, de forma a oferecer o melhor tratamento pelos princípios da medicina baseada em evidências e promover economia de recursos não eficazes.


Several therapies are being used or proposed for COVID-19, and many lack appropriate evaluations of their effectiveness and safety. The purpose of this document is to develop recommendations to support decisions regarding the pharmacological treatment of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Brazil. Methods: A group of 27 experts, including representatives of the Ministry of Health and methodologists, created this guideline. The method used for the rapid development of guidelines was based on the adoption and/or adaptation of existing international guidelines (GRADE ADOLOPMENT) and supported by the e-COVID-19 RecMap platform. The quality of the evidence and the preparation of the recommendations followed the GRADE method. Results: Sixteen recommendations were generated. They include strong recommendations for the use of corticosteroids in patients using supplemental oxygen, the use of anticoagulants at prophylactic doses to prevent thromboembolism and the nonuse of antibiotics in patients without suspected bacterial infection. It was not possible to make a recommendation regarding the use of tocilizumab in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 using oxygen due to uncertainties regarding the availability of and access to the drug. Strong recommendations against the use of hydroxychloroquine, convalescent plasma, colchicine, lopinavir + ritonavir and antibiotics in patients without suspected bacterial infection and also conditional recommendations against the use of casirivimab + imdevimab, ivermectin and rendesivir were made. Conclusion: To date, few therapies have proven effective in the treatment of hospitalized patients with COVID-19, and only corticosteroids and prophylaxis for thromboembolism are recommended. Several drugs were considered ineffective and should not be used to provide the best treatment according to the principles of evidence-based medicine and promote economical resource use.


Subject(s)
Humans , SARS-CoV-2/drug effects , COVID-19/drug therapy , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy , Thromboembolism/prevention & control , Immunization, Passive , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Lopinavir/therapeutic use , Health Planning Guidelines , Hydroxychloroquine , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
15.
Arq. Asma, Alerg. Imunol ; 6(1): 127-133, jan.mar.2022. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1400122

ABSTRACT

A doença de Castleman é um distúrbio linfoproliferativo raro, podendo se manifestar sob a forma de massas localizadas ou como doença multicêntrica. A doença de Castleman multicêntrica é caracterizada por adenopatias generalizadas, visceromegalias, manifestações autoimunes e infecções recorrentes. Este artigo apresenta o relato de caso de anemia hemolítica autoimune por anticorpos quentes em paciente com doença de Castleman multicêntrica. Resposta eficaz foi obtida com uso de corticoterapia sistêmica e tocilizumabe.


Castleman disease is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder that can manifest as localized masses or as multicentric disease. Multicentric Castleman disease is characterized by generalized adenopathies, visceromegaly, autoimmune manifestations, and recurrent infections. This article presents the case report of a patient with multicentric Castleman's disease and autoimmune hemolytic anemia by warm antibodies. Effective response was obtained with systemic corticotherapy and tocilizumab.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Castleman Disease , Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune , Patients , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized , Lymphoproliferative Disorders , Antibodies
16.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol. (En línea) ; 87(1): 40-47, feb. 2022. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388708

ABSTRACT

Resumen El parto prematuro es la principal causa de morbimortalidad neonatal en Chile. Los prematuros tardíos, definidos como nacimientos entre 34 semanas con 0 días (34+0) y 36 semanas con 6 días (36+6) de gestación, representan el 70-80% de los prematuros y se asocian a baja morbilidad y excepcional mortalidad si se comparan con partos bajo 34 semanas, pero significativamente mayor al compararlos con partos de término. Los prematuros tardíos son el resultado de diversas condiciones obstétricas, tales como síndromes hipertensivos del embarazo, rotura prematura de membranas, colestasia intrahepática del embarazo y comorbilidad médica. El propósito de esta revisión es actualizar la información asociada a los prematuros tardíos y dar una visión de las tendencias en el uso de corticoides y el manejo expectante de la rotura prematura de membranas con el objetivo de disminuir las complicaciones en este grupo de prematuros.


Abstract Preterm delivery is the most important cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in Chile. Late preterm, defined as deliveries between 34 +0 and 36+6-weeks accounts for 70-80% of preterm and is associated with non-severe morbidity and extremely low mortality when compared with deliveries below 34 weeks but significantly high when compared with full term babies. Late preterm deliveries are a result of several obstetric conditions, such a hypertensive disorder, premature rupture of membranes, intrahepatic cholestasis, and maternal medical comorbidities. The purpose of this review is to update the information associated with the risks of late preterm and to guide in the new trends in the application of steroid and expectant management for premature rupture of membranes in order to reduce the frequency of late preterm.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Premature , Premature Birth/physiopathology , Premature Birth/therapy , Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture , Risk Factors , Gestational Age , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Infant, Premature, Diseases/epidemiology
18.
Asian Journal of Andrology ; (6): 154-160, 2022.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-928527

ABSTRACT

Corticosteroid switching can reverse abiraterone resistance in some patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Here, we investigated the potential biomarkers for predicting the efficacy of corticosteroid switching during treatment with abiraterone acetate (AA). We retrospectively analyzed 101 mCRPC patients receiving corticosteroid switching from West China Hospital and Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center between January 2016 and December 2018. All cases received AA plus prednisone as first-line therapy during mCRPC. Primary end points were biochemical progression-free survival (bPFS) and overall survival (OS). The risk groups were defined based on multivariate analysis. A total of 42 (41.6%) and 25 (24.8%) patients achieved 30% and 50% decline in prostate-specific antigen (PSA), respectively, after corticosteroid switching. The median bPFS and median OS on AA plus dexamethasone were 4.9 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.7-6.0) months and 18.8 (95% CI: 16.2-30.2) months, respectively. Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 (AKR1C3) expression (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.15, 95% Cl: 1.22-3.80, P = 0.008) and baseline serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP; HR: 4.95, 95% Cl: 2.40-10.19, P < 0.001) were independent predictors of efficacy before corticosteroid switching in the multivariate analysis of bPFS. Only baseline serum ALP >160 IU l-1 (HR: 3.41, 95% Cl: 1.57-7.38, P = 0.002) together with PSA level at switch ≥50 ng ml-1 (HR: 2.59, 95% Cl: 1.22-5.47, P = 0.013) independently predicted poorer OS. Based on the predictive factors in multivariate analysis, we developed two risk stratification tools to select candidates for corticosteroid switching. Detection of serum ALP level, PSA level, and tissue AKR1C3 expression in mCRPC patients could help make clinical decisions for corticosteroid switching.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Abiraterone Acetate/therapeutic use , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Androstenes , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Dexamethasone/therapeutic use , Disease-Free Survival , Prednisone/therapeutic use , Prostate-Specific Antigen , Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/pathology , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome
19.
China Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology ; (12): 1170-1176, 2022.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-970803

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE@#To explore clinical effects regrarding functional recovery, pain relief, and range of motion of shoulder of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection and corticosteroid(CS) injection in treating rotator cuff tendinopathy.@*METHODS@#Randomized controlled trials (RCT) of PRP injection and CS injection in Cochrane Library, EMBASE(Excerpta Medica Database), PebMed, China knowledge Network(CNKI) and Wanfang database were searched from building database to April 20, 2022. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, literature screening, data extraction and quality evaluation were carried out between two independent researchers, and extracted data were statistically analyzed by Review Manager 5.4.1 software. Short-term (3-6 weeks), medium-term (8-12 weeks) and long-term (≥24 weeks) visual analogue score (VAS), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, Xi'an Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index (WORC) and shoulder range of motion (ROM) were compared between two groups.@*RESULTS@#Totally 7 RCT were included with 379 patients, 188 patients in PRP group and 191 patients in CS group. Meta analysis results showed there were no significant difference in VAS, ASES and WORC between short-term group and medium-term group(P>0.05). During long-term follow-up, there were significant differences in ASES score[MD=7.1, 95%CI(2.06, 12.14), P=0.006] and VAS [MD=-1.55, 95%CI(-2.65, 0.55), P=0.002]. There was no significant difference in shoulder ROM between two groups(P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#For patients with shoulder cuff tendon disease, there are no significant difference in pain relief and functional recovery during short and medium-term follow-up period. However, RPR injection showed advantages over corticosteroid injection in terms of functional recovery and pain relief during long-term follow-up. There is no significant difference in shoulder range of motion between two groups during the whole follow-up period.


Subject(s)
Humans , Rotator Cuff , Rotator Cuff Injuries/drug therapy , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Platelet-Rich Plasma , Tendinopathy/therapy , Pain , Treatment Outcome , Arthroscopy
20.
Autops. Case Rep ; 12: e2021345, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1355723

ABSTRACT

Mucormycosis is a rare, sometimes severe fungal infection that has emerged as a possible complication of COVID-19. We report a case of a non-diabetic, apparently immunocompetent patient diagnosed with rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis shortly after COVID-19 treatment with dexamethasone. The patient received optimized systemic antifungal therapy and extensive surgical treatment. So far, four months after the last hospital discharge, the patient has been in good general condition. This case is a dramatic reminder that beneficial corticosteroid therapy in general inevitably carries a risk of opportunistic infection, and corticosteroid therapy for COVID-19 risks orbital-rhinocerebral mucormycosis that clinicians should watch for with vigilance.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Orbit/pathology , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , SARS-CoV-2 , Mucormycosis/complications , Opportunistic Infections , Immunocompetence
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